South Africa's booming, violent child sex trade

An excellent expose written by Karyn Maughan in South Africa's periodical, The Star: Child sex trade scandal Children as young as 9 are selling their bodies on the streets of Joburg for R30 ($4.50 US) --and child rights groups say the situation is "exploding". In a series of interviews with child sex workers, streetchildren, clinic staff and community workers, The Star has uncovered that the commercial sexual exploitation of boys and girls is booming. [...] [In] another incident about six months before, the friends of a teenage sex worker watched with growing horror as a luxury car pulled up outside a Hillbrow hotel and pushed her limp body out onto the street. She was dead, with a knife protruding from her vagina. The teenager was never identified. [...] Trawling the malls where many schoolchildren spent their afternoons and weekends, [criminal syndicates --.ed] would seek out teenagers who "had the look of want" in their eyes, Stevens said. Community worker Elaine Johannes said: "They will start to talk to the child who is staring at a pair of Levi's, saying 'those jeans are cool, hey?' Then maybe they arrange to meet the child later on, buy them clothes and cellphones, take them out clubbing a few times without doing anything. "They will try to get the child hooked on drugs, and after he or she is addicted, they'll demand the money for the clothes and drugs. It is then that the child gets forced into sex for money." Thanks to Sarah G. of Captive Daughters for the story. human trafficking, sexual slavery, prostitution, fleshploitation

UK: Op Pentameter greeting foreign passengers at the gates

Via the Strathclyde Police Dpt.'s website: On Tuesday 21 February 2006, passengers arriving at Prestwick Airport on a flight from Poland were the first in Scotland to encounter Operation Pentameter. Officers handed out information cards in Polish, asking if passengers have travelled willingly. Clever idea, though I can only imagine how a situation might unfold. Let's just say a person who had been brought against their will actually acknowledged the police officer... would the officer have to assume her companion was also her smuggler? human trafficking, sexual slavery, prostitution, Operation Pentameter, fleshploitation

UK: Op. Pentameter nets 6 involved in trafficking in Cheltenham

From the BBC: Sixth arrest in brothel inquiry A sixth person has been arrested after a series of homes were raided as part of a people-smuggling investigation. A woman aged 35 joins two men, aged 35 and 43, and three women aged 19, 28 and 46, who were held on suspicion of being concerned in the running of a brothel. Police searched four Cheltenham houses as part of Operation Pentameter, a UK-wide crackdown on human trafficking. Two Chinese women, thought to be involved in the sex trade, were found at one of the properties on Tuesday. The latest arrest was made in Birmingham with the help of West Midlands Police. Of the five people arrested in Cheltenham on Tuesday, a 28 year-old woman from Evesham and a woman aged 19 from the West Midlands were released on police bail until 28 July pending further enquiries. A 35 year-old woman of no fixed address, a 43 year-old man from Cheltenham and a 46 year-old woman from Bristol remained in custody. Operation Pentameter is a multi-agency initiative involving the police, the travel industry, government and partner groups across the UK and Europe. human trafficking, sexual slavery, prostitution, Operation Pentameter, fleshploitation

UK: Largest-scale raids on trafficking, sex trade take place in Leeds, Bradford

Sex trade crackdown Kate O'Hara Crime Correspondent SUSPECTED brothels across Leeds and Bradford have been raided as part of the UK's biggest ever crack-down on trafficking and the illegal sex trade. In a joint operation between West Yorkshire Police and the Immigration Service, officers forced their way into buildings in Elland Road and Burmantofts in Leeds, as well as a property in the Tyersal area of Bradford. A house in Armley was also searched in connection with the investigation. During the raids a 50-year-old man and a woman, 45, were arrested on suspicion of managing brothels. They were later released on bail pending further inquiries. The arrests came as a result of a national crackdown on sex trafficking, codenamed Operation Pentameter, which has led to 156 arrests across the UK so far. The campaign was launched in February in a bid to help women who can be forced to have sex with up to 40 men a day by violent pimps. The women mainly come from Eastern Europe, as well as Thailand, China and Brazil. Yesterday Detective Inspector Martin Snowden, who is leading the investigation in West Yorkshire, said: "Women involved in the sex trade are rarely there through choice. They suffer violence, addiction and intimidation and lose all ability, physically and emotionally ,to leave." 16 May 2006 I believe Operation Pentameter began this past February --- so far, this effort seems quite promising. human trafficking, sexual slavery, prostitution, Operation Pentameter, fleshploitation

WC06: German police put on a front to weed out illegal, unwilling prostitutes

Let the games begin, right? Major crackdown: 2,000 German police block illegal prostitution: Mainz, Germany - Responding to international concerns that women will be forced into prostitution during the World Cup, 2,000 police raided brothels in the southern half of Germany Thursday. With just 29 days to go till the start of the football tournament, they entered hundreds of brothels as well as hostels and bars used for prostitution, checking whether the women were legally and willingly employed. Brothels are legal in Germany. 'We want the world to know before the World Cup that the German police are doing their job,' said a police officer in Hesse state who asked not to be quoted by name. Concern has been voiced in the United States, Sweden and other nations that the sex trade may be drafting in up to 40,000 women to cater to football fans, with some migrating to Germany illegally. The trade recruits mainly from eastern Europe and many women complain that they are forced to remain at brothels because they will be expelled from Germany as illegal immigrants if they seek other work. Some say they expected regular work and were forced into sex. In the city of Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate Interior Minister Karl Peter Bruch called the raids a success, saying one purpose was to help any women who wanted to leave the sex trade but did not know how. Police said they detained 100 persons in two states alone, Rheinland Palatinate and Hesse. There were also raids in Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg state. Police were mainly hunting traffickers, not prostitutes. Right, I'm sure a woman who is being forced into prostitution will be able to freely say, "I didn't sign up for this," and the nice police officer will send her safely home. But... on the other hand, if the working conditions are so wonderful in this legalized industry, why would anyone want to leave? human trafficking, sexual slavery, prostitution, World Cup, Germany, fleshploitation

WC06: Brothel "public relations" score; BBC with the assist.

Germany standing up for the right for women to exploited: German brothel welcomes World Cup Prostitution has been legal in Germany since 2002 But as you walk into Artemis, a few scantily-clad women who are standing near the main entrance provide an obvious sign that there is more on offer here. Artemis is one of Germany's largest brothels, which has recently opened, just in time for the World Cup. It is a short bus ride from Berlin's Olympic stadium, where many of the games, and the final, will be played. Booming business The managers of Artemis are hoping to attract thousands of football fans, who will be in Germany this summer. "We think that we'll probably get double the number of clients during the World Cup," said Eike Wilmans, one of the managers of Artemis. "We're going to put up screens and show all the games. We also have two cinemas, so the clients and the women can watch football. And if a match doesn't go according to expectations, well, men can work out in the gym, take a girl, and relax," he says, smiling. Once you get past the reception, you may feel as though you are in some kind of a luxury hotel. The Artemis brothel boasts neo-classical murals The champagne bar is spacious and opulent, the walls are decorated with neo-classical paintings of women, and there are discreet sofas in several corners, which are surrounded by dark velvet curtains. The brothel is arranged on several different levels. There's a restaurant, two cinemas, a large swimming pool, gym, Turkish bath and rooms, or plush suites, which can be rented out. Prostitution is legal in Germany, and the managers of Artemis say that all the women who work here have registered with the authorities and they pay tax. [...] Prostitution is talked about openly. Coco, 23, lives at Artemis. Like some of the other sex-workers, she rents a room. "I would never want to work on the streets, or in any other country where prostitution is illegal," Coco said. If their team is disappointing, customers can relax in the pool... "There's always the risk that someone can kidnap you and it's dangerous and dirty. I've registered with the authorities as a sex hostess. I come from Bonn originally, and I work in Berlin because I know I can get good work at Artemis. I'm my own boss, and I can keep all the money that I earn," she said. Prostitution was legalised in Germany in 2002. Campaigners say the new laws safeguard women's rights. "Women can work in a safe environment," said Henny Engels, from the German Women's Council. "Sex-workers have basic human rights. These women are now protected against pimps, or any violence, and they should not face discrimination in society." [...] The prostitutes who work at Artemis say they are lucky that the laws were changed in Germany. "I am a German professional like any other woman," said Luna, "I work in a safe environment and I enjoy my job." Read the rest of the polished story, furnished by the BBC, here. human trafficking, sexual slavery, prostitution, World Cup, Germany, fleshploitation

WC06: German authorities try to allay concerns of sex trafficking

Let the justification begin...: Germany Responds to Fears of Sex Trafficking during World Cup Germany Responds to Fears of Sex Trafficking during World Cup http://www.feminist.org/news/newsbyte/uswirestory.asp?id=9665 Amidst fears of an increase in sex trafficking surrounding the World Cup, German authorities led a crackdown on illegal prostitution last week. According to the Associated Press (AP), four German states arrested a total of 100 people during raids. The arrests are part of the German police's response to widespread concerns by women's rights and human rights groups about an increase in sex trafficking during next month's World Cup. The soccer tournament, which will attract millions of tourists, may lead to 40,000 women trafficked to work in Germany as prostitutes against their will, according to AP. Prostitution has been legal in Germany since 2002, with 400,000 registered sex workers, according to the AP. Ulrike Helwerth, speaking for the National Council of German Women's Organizations (NCGWO), told the AP, "If the number of prostitutes goes up, the assumption is that on the fringes the criminal forced prostitution will also go up." Most of the women trafficked will come from Eastern European countries, reports the AP. In 2004, Germany acknowledged 1,000 cases of forced sex work but, as Michele Clark of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, noted, "Most of [women forced into prostitution] go unrecognized, unassisted, and unknown," reports the Christian Science Monitor. It's only a thousand cases, right? human trafficking, sexual slavery, prostitution, World Cup, Germany, fleshploitation

Ohio Ph.D student gets 54 days in prison for child porn

Unbelievable. Man Gets 54 Days In Prison For Child Pornography McGuirl Claims Medical Condition Caused Crime POSTED: 6:29 pm EDT May 9, 2006 UPDATED: 8:24 pm EDT May 9, 2006 COLUMBUS, Ohio -- An Ohio State University student received a creative punishment for possessing child pornography after telling the judge his crime was the result of a medical condition. John McGuirl appeared in court Tuesday, claiming that he has a psychological disorder that causes him to turn to pornography, NBC 4's Nancy Burton reported. Four months ago, McGuirl, an Ohio State Ph.D student, was convicted of 44 counts of possessing child pornography on two computers. The judge said he wants McGuirl to take responsibility for each image found on his computers. "(You will spend) one day in jail for each of the felony four counts, 10 days in jail for the felony three count. That adds up to 54 days in jail," said Franklin County Court of Common Pleas Judge Eric Brown. "I do not want to get in the way of the defense of your dissertation. You would report to jail on June 2." McGuirl's computer was also mentioned at the sentencing. He is permitted to have one, but the judge set strict limitations when it comes to the Internet. Brown insisted that software be installed on McGuirl's computer to prevent him from visiting certain Web sites. For the next five years, the probation department will also receive written reports about McGuirl's computer use. McGuirl still has a case pending in Springfield, where he is charged with trying to solicit a teenage girl for sex. The judge told McGuirl on Tuesday that if he violates any conditions of the sentence, he will spend four years in prison. While McGuirl defends his dissertation, Judge Brown should defend his judgeship. "Psychological disorder", indeed. pornography, child pornography, fleshploitation

Prostitution ring in Vienna busted

16 arrested in raid on Vienna prostitution ring 11/05/2006 - 11:37:07 Ireland Online Two Polish police officers were among 16 people arrested on suspicion of involvement in human trafficking in a bust of a major prostitution ring in Vienna. Authorities said the arrests stemmed from the enslavement of 440 women who were taken to Austria to work in the sex industry. Police said the ring involved five Vienna-based escort agencies and that those arrested were from Austria, Romania and Poland. The network earned an estimated €11m in commissions for luring the women to Austria, said officials with the Federal Criminal Investigations Office. Police did not release the names of the two Polish officers or specify what roles they allegedly played in the women’s recruitment. human trafficking, sexual slavery, prostitution, fleshploitation

NYC: Mexican sex traffickers get 50 years

Heavy sentences handed down, indeed.Sex traffickers sentenced to 50 years Two brothers were in a gang that forced Mexican women to work in brothels in Queens, Brooklyn BY ANTHONY M. DESTEFANO Newsday Staff Writer April 28, 2006 The reputed ringleader of a Mexican sex trafficking ring and his brother each were slammed with a 50-year prison sentence yesterday in Brooklyn federal court, one of the toughest sentences ever given for the crime. Gerardo Flores Carreto, 34, and his brother Josue, 38, originally from Tenancingo, Mexico, pleaded guilty last year to numerous sex trafficking and immigrant smuggling offenses. Reading from a pre-sentence probation report, Judge Frederic Block said the Carreto men, now from Corona, were part of a gang that from 1991 to 2004 forced Mexican immigrant women to work in brothels in Queens and Brooklyn. The women, some of whom gave statements in court, faced death threats, rape and other brutality in the prostitution operation, Block said. Daniel Perez Alonzo, 26, another member of the ring from Tenancingo, was sentenced to 25 years in prison yesterday. Four of the six Mexican women who were victims in the case gave short statements to the court in Spanish before Block announced the sentences. The women, all of whom are in the process of getting special visas to stay in the United States, sat in the front row. "I hope justice is done; that is all I ask," said a woman identified only as Veronica. Excellent. May justice be served to the fullest extent. human trafficking, sexual slavery, fleshploitation

Voluntary teenage prostitution in Ohio?

Former Teen Prostitutes Talk About Central Ohio Trend Women Say Stable Home Environment Is Key POSTED: 5:41 pm EDT April 28, 2006; UPDATED: 6:26 pm EDT April 28, 2006 DELAWARE, Ohio -- Teenagers from rural, urban and suburban Ohio communities said most people would be shocked to learn how many young girls are taking part in prostitution. [...] "I'm from a small place around Columbus, actually. And I'm from a really nice area, and there's girls doing it there, too," said Nicole, a former prostitute. Another girl said the number of teens and young women participating in prostitution is shocking. "Well, at my high school I know that almost every senior does it," said Joleen, a former prostitute. Many people would assume that young men are taking advantage of the young women, but the former prostitutes said that's not true. "Usually, the guys were between 40 and 70 (years old)," Joleen said. One of the women said she would have sex for money at parties. Another girl said she brought the men into her family's home, but all the girls said they were very young when they started. "I was probably about 12 or 13 (years old)," Nicole said. One of the women said she refused for a while, but a college student at a party kept offering her more money. "It got to about $150 and I was just like, 'Sure, why not.' You know, $150 -- I'm not losing that opportunity," said Nia, a former prostitute. "I ended up giving him oral sex." The Ohio Department of Youth Services said substance abuse almost always goes hand-in-hand with the prostitution. But the women insisted that staying away from paid sex could have been simple. "A more structured home, like a parent there would actually talk to me and ask me and want to know what's going on and not someone that would just let me do what I want," Nicole said. "I didn't have any friends that were like, 'Don't do that.' I had people who were always telling me, 'Go do it,'" Nia said. The women said there aren't enough jobs and other positive activities to keep teenagers from becoming involved in alcohol, drugs and prostitution. Wow. prostitution, fleshploitation

Canada not immune to human trafficking; faces domestic reality

Canadian prostitutes bought, sold and forcibly moved, study shows ROBERT MATAS May 1, 2006 The Globe and Mail VANCOUVER -- She stands on a street corner in skimpy clothing, shaking from a chill, or more likely from her drug addiction. She was brought here from another part of the province, or possibly from another province. Her situation, and that of others like her, has drawn no attention. Despite growing awareness of international trafficking of women and children, the trafficking of Canadian-born prostitutes remains invisible. However, a new study released yesterday says Canadians should not be so smug. Canada is not exempt from the buying and selling of people, the investigators found. Sex workers say they are moved quietly, put in cars and taken on "road trips." Pimps and traffickers buy bus and plane tickets for them and escort them to their new locations. At times, they are drugged, bound and abducted by rival pimp families or crime organizations, and wake up in new locations across the country. Canada needs to provide better protection and support for sex workers and deal with "the root causes of trafficking," the investigators say. "This is a huge issue on the street," said Raven Bowen, spokeswoman for the B.C. Coalition of Experiential Women, a new advocacy group for sex-trade workers. "In Canada, everyone thinks international trafficking of women means women from Asia or Eastern Europe. They do not realize it is Canadian women from Toronto, who are taken to Calgary for the Stampede, or others who are moved around the country," Ms. Bowen said. "These women are treated the same as immigrant women in the human-trafficking trade. There is lots of movement of sex workers across Canada." Read the rest here. human trafficking, sexual slavery, fleshploitation

Italian authorities dismantle "almost national" prostitution ring

Italian Police Dismantles Prostitution Net Rome, May 8 (Prensa Latina) The Italian militarized police (Carabineers) gave information Monday about the dismantling of an almost national prostitution net, with young Uruguayan girls who were introduced with false documents in Italy In the course of the operation, simultaneously carried out in several cities of the north of Italy, twelve members of the net were arrested. A note said arrest orders were given on another 11 members of the net, including their boss, who lives in Spain. The arrested people were accused of criminal association for recruiting, induction and exploitation of women. The operation was called "Montevideo" and took a year and a half long, as told by members of the Carabineers corp. They also told the press the Uruguayan girls were contacted and leased in Montevideo, Uruguay, to work as waitresses, a reason for which they received beauty treatments and a basic course on prostitution. Once they got in Italy, they were forced to work as prostitutes. The number of Uruguayan girls is 50, and all of them arrived in Milan, north of Italy from Spain in the last three years. human trafficking, sexual slavery, fleshploitation

Nassau County official: Google profits from child porn

Long Island lawmaker claims Google profits from child porn By FRANK ELTMAN Associated Press Writer May 4, 2006, 7:30 PM EDT NEW YORK -- A Long Island politician who describes himself as a "quality of life guy" on his Web site filed a lawsuit Thursday claiming the Google search engine company is profiting from child pornography. "This case is about a multi-billion dollar company that promotes and profits from child pornography," said a 16-page complaint filed in state Supreme Court in Mineola by Jeffrey Toback, a member of the Nassau County Legislature. "They have paid links" to Web sites containing child pornography, Toback told The Associated Press in a telephone interview. "They take money from these sites." A Google spokesman denied the allegations in a statement and said the company takes numerous steps to prevent access to child pornography. "When we find or are made aware of any child pornography, we remove it from our products, including our search engine," spokesman Steve Langdon said. "We also report it to the appropriate law enforcement officials and fully cooperate with the law enforcement community to combat child pornography." He also said Google offers a service called SafeSearch for its search engine "that works to filter out adult content." Toback, who has sponsored local legislation raising the age that teenagers can legally buy cigarettes to 19 and limiting teen access to tanning salons, said he filed the lawsuit because oversight over Google was far beyond the purview of county legislators. "This is a proactive step to keep children safe," Toback said. "We had to go the judicial route." This isn't a matter of a child stumbling onto child porn; we're talking about predators, here. From what I can gather with how Google's search feature operates, in order for SafeSearch to be effective, the user has to manually toggle the setting by clicking on "Preferences" -- the default setting merely filters explicit images, not text. Therefore, the text alone will appear in the results and the user can find the images from there. Besides, mentioning Google SafeSearch in its own defense is irrelevant. child pornography, fleshploitation

New report shows global decline in child labor

Most excellent news -- AP: Report: Child labor declining worldwide [...] the number of children at work worldwide is declining for the first time. The number of laborers under age 18 fell by 11 percent between 2000 and 2004, from 246 million to 218 million, the Geneva-based ILO said. "The end of child labor is within our reach," the group's director-general, Juan Somavia, said in a report. "We can end its worst forms in a decade." The most dramatic decline has been in Latin America and the Caribbean, where the number of working children has fallen by two-thirds in four years, the ILO said. Just 5 percent of youths in the region are in the work force. [...] Tsunami, other disasters could reverse trend Globally, the biggest problem stems from the agriculture industry, in which seven out of 10 child laborers work, the ILO said. Child labor also has fallen in Asia and the Pacific, but the region still has some 122 million workers between the ages of 5 and 14, the most of any region. And the ILO said the number in Asia could rise again because of December 2004 tsunami and the October 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. "Separated from their families, girls and boys became vulnerable to abduction and the more general risk of becoming entangled in child labor as part of the coping mechanism adopted by surviving families and communities," the ILO said. Sub-Saharan Africa, where poverty, high population growth and the AIDS epidemic have hampered efforts to curb child labor, has the highest proportion of working children in the world, with nearly 50 million — one in every four children, the ILO said. Poor children join the work force early, and are valued for their agility and manual dexterity, especially in fishing communities where small fingers are useful in handling fine nets. [...] Abolishing child labor by 2016 More than 30 nations have set a deadline of 2016 to abolish the worst forms of child labor, and the ILO urged other countries to set target dates as well. The report did not mention the United States. In Brazil, child labor has been virtually eradicated in the formal sector, where the government tightened inspections and began prosecuting employers who violate labor law, said Pedro Americo, national coordinator of the government's Program for the Eradication of Child Labor. Pressure from foreign consumers led employers in export industries to form a pact to reject child labor and forced labor, he said. But most working children are part of the informal economy, which is not protected by labor laws. Some employers hire children because they are cheap and flexible, and family businesses often cannot afford to pay formal employees, the ILO said. "We still have a lot to do in the informal area and where child labor is hidden, like pornography and drug trafficking," Americo said. forced labor, child labor, fleshploitation

Mexico's poor becoming victims of white slave trade

Over 2 months old, yet still relevant...Mexican Poverty Impels White Slavery. Mexico, Feb 21 (Prensa Latina) Mexico, a country where poverty is currently affecting most of its nationals, has witnessed a 500 percent increase in the white slave trade over the last six years, social activist Teresa Ulloa affirmed here Tuesday. In Mexico City alone, about 200,000 people are estimated to be sexually exploited, 99 percent through force or deception, abuse of authority, or a vulnerable condition, said Ulloa, president of the Regional Coalition against Female Trafficking in Latin America and the Caribbean. She also noted that 85 percent of those sexually exploited were not born in the capital and are victims of white slavers. A total of one million women and girls in Mexico are victims of prostitution, pornography, or sexual tourism; having been taken from their homes in poor zones to large urban cities and tourism resorts, Ulloa told La Jornada Daily. Hat tip: Freetheslaves.net human trafficking, sexual slavery, pornography, fleshploitation

Marines stationed in Pacific to aid in fight against human trafficking

A few months old, but very noteworthy, nonetheless: Pacific Marines take stand against human trafficking Online education instilled to combat slave trade Cpl. Martin R. Harris http://www.okinawa.usmc.mil/ CAMP FOSTER (Jan 19, 2006) -- In a series of official messages beginning last year, the under secretary of defense and service chiefs directed that all members of the uniformed service complete awareness training in trafficking in humans. Sex trafficking, only one part of TIP, is defined as taking part in an activity in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age. Sex trafficking is illegal for service members stationed abroad. In a recent message, Brig. Gen. Joseph V. Medina, the deputy commander of Marine Corps Bases Japan, directed that commanders and managers ensure their Marines, sailors, civilian Marines and contractors be trained no later than Jan. 30, 2006. The Marine Corps takes a "zero tolerance" approach to trafficking in humans. Trafficking in humans is a worldwide problem and is not specific to Marines on Okinawa. According to the Marine Corps Bases Japan Staff Judge Advocate office, individuals engaging in an activity associated with TIP crimes could be prosecuted and face imprisonment, fines, and other punishments. Southeast Asia is one part of the world where TIP is a large contributor to the $13 billion-per-year slave trade, which makes Marine Forces Pacific particularly important, explained Col. William Gillespie, Marine Corps Bases Japan inspector. "Marine Corps Bases Japan, III Marine Expeditionary Force and other services on Okinawa are united in our efforts to prevent and eradicate trafficking in persons," said Gillespie. "Our role in combating trafficking is to work in collaboration with the host nation authorities and other U.S. Government agencies. We must be vigilant, and if we suspect that a business or activity is engaged in TIP, report it to law enforcement or military officials." The leadership in the Pacific is requiring all Marines, sailors, civilians and government contractors to participate in the online training, which can be accessed at https://www.marinenet.usmc.mil/portal/; https://www.nko.navy.mil; https://www.jkddcjmo.org. "We must ensure that our Marines, sailors and civilian Marines are properly trained and educated to avoid and report TIP incidences," said Brig. Gen. Joseph V. Medina, commanding general of Marine Corps Bases Japan. "I encourage commanders, senior enlisted and managers to discuss TIP at commander calls, (staff noncommissioned officer) leadership forums and other appropriate venues. I expect leaders to work together in combating TIP, and for all personnel to refrain from activities that promote TIP." human trafficking, sexual slavery, fleshploitation